ABCs' Home! American-Born Cats

https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/osteosarcoma-in-cats

上面是原文

阿屁12/7一大早被我發現 跛腳走路  

12/6晚上我要睡覺  叫她半天沒出來理我 (怪怪 但我很累 沒硬抓她出來)

12/7早上她坐在窗簾裡面的窗台上  我打開窗簾  她給我哀哀叫

我還以為她在罵我 雖然心裡怪怪的 但也認她去

直到他跳下窗台來到我面前 才發現他跛腳

不是第一次了 第一次是大約年初

當時醫生幫她照了X光  有發現右後腳大腿骨跟小腿骨關節有個小東西

當時說觀察

這次12/7醫生診所大爆滿  收不進去阿屁

所以帶阿屁去一個韓國醫生(CAT LADY 介紹的)

阿屁到了醫生那裏  根本是半蹲走路 完全看不出來有跛腳

醫生開了消炎藥三天帶回家

 12/9 趕緊再帶去醫生那裏 DR. BROWN 在

我醫生診所有一共有六個醫生(加上owner)  我主要只找一個 dr. borwn 是第二個若是dr. starr沒上班

貓醫生就是細心  馬上把以前記錄看一次  發現阿屁上次的跛腳也是同一腳 

醫生認為是筋肉受傷  跟那個小東西關聯不大

但是依照她的感覺  她建議我找骨科醫生

所以就翻譯起來了我

What is osteosarcoma?

Osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor of the bone. This cancer has the same appearance as human pediatric osteosarcoma. Osteosarcomas are tumors that arise from the abnormal production of cells that create and break down bone (called osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively).

甚麼是骨肉瘤?

骨肉瘤是一種骨骼的惡性腫瘤。  這種癌症的外觀與人類小兒骨肉瘤相同。  骨肉瘤是因細胞異常所產生的並破壞骨骼的腫瘤（也稱稱為成骨細胞和破骨細胞）

The long bones of the legs are the most commonly affected, though bones such as the skull, pelvis, ribs, or vertebrae may also be affected. Osteosarcoma can also affect non-bony tissues, including the mammary glands, spleen, liver, and kidneys. This is called extraskeletal osteosarcoma.

腿的長骨是最常見的，但頭骨，骨盆，肋骨或椎骨等骨也會被感染。骨肉瘤也可影響非骨組織，包括乳腺，脾臟，肝臟和腎臟。這稱為骨骼外骨肉瘤。

What causes this type of tumor? 甚麼原因導致這種腫瘤?

The reason why a particular pet may develop this, or any tumor or cancer, is not straightforward. Very few tumors and cancers have a single known cause. Most seem to be caused by a complex mix of risk factors, some environmental and some genetic or hereditary.

為什麼某些寵物會產生這種問題, 或是腫瘤或是癌症沒有直接的導因.  極少得腫瘤或是癌症會有單一已知的導因.   多數似乎都是由多複雜的風險因誤,有些跟環境有關有些可會是跟遺傳有關

What are the signs of osteosarcoma? 骨腫瘤的跡象有那些?

Osteosarcoma is very painful. If your cat has an osteosarcoma of the limb (appendicular osteosarcoma), lameness or a distinct swelling may be noted. Your cat may be more lethargic, have loss of appetite, and be reluctant to walk or play due to pain caused by the tumor on the bone. The most common location where osteosarcomas develop in cats is the hindlimb (femur and tibia).

骨腫瘤是非常的痛.  如果你的貓有四肢骨腫瘤 (闌尾骨肉瘤),可能會拖行或是明顯腫脹.  你的貓可能會因腫瘤引起的骨頭疼痛導致昏昏欲睡,食慾不振,且可能不願意走路或是玩耍.  最常見的有骨腫瘤的地方是貓的後腿(股骨FEMUR與脛骨TIBIA)*

*就是後腿的大腿骨與小腿骨 (這是我自己看圖說故事加註的)

Osteosarcomas can also develop in the skull (most commonly in the oral cavity), pelvis, ribs, and vertebrae. Cats with osteosarcoma of the jaw (a form of axial osteosarcoma) may have swelling of the jaw, difficulty opening the mouth, excessive salivation, and may be reluctant to eat due to pain. If an osteosarcoma develops elsewhere in the skull or vertebrae, swelling and pain in the head or along the back may be observed.

骨肉瘤也可能在頭骨 (最常見的是口腔),骨盆腔,肋骨與脊椎骨.  有颌骨肉瘤的貓的下顎(軸向骨肉瘤的一種),可能難以張開嘴巴,且可能因疼痛不想吃東西.   如果骨肉瘤長在頭骨與脊椎任何部位,頭部或是被不可能會看到有腫脹與疼痛  

How is osteosarcoma diagnosed? 骨腫瘤如何被診斷出來

Most cats with osteosarcoma have lameness of a limb. Swelling is usually noted where the tumor has grown, and the area will be warm to the touch due to a tremendous amount of inflammation. Your veterinarian will take X-rays of the region. Osteosarcomas appear lytic (meaning pieces of bone are missing) or ‘moth-eaten’ due to the loss of normal bone tissue. Fractures can be present if the bone has weakened enough.

多數有骨肉瘤的貓後腳會拖行.  通常在腫瘤生長的地方會有腫脹,及該地方因大量發言摸起來會比較溫暖.  你的獸醫會對該區做x光.  骨肉瘤由於正常骨組織的喪失而看起來像是溶解性(帶屌骨頭碎片缺失)或是蛀蟲式.  .  如果骨骼過度脆弱 可能因此產生骨折

Once a lesion is suspected, a more definitive diagnosis may be obtained by a fine needle aspiration. This involves taking a small needle with a syringe and suctioning a sample of cells directly from the lesion and placing them on a microscope slide. A veterinary pathologist then examines the slide under a microscope. This is performed under sedation. If this procedure is not diagnostic, a bone biopsy may be warranted. In most cases, lytic bone lesions found on X-rays are indicative of either an infectious or malignant process and further diagnostics are always recommended.

一旦懷疑病變,可以透過細針抽取骨質來做更明確的診斷. 這包括用小細針注射器從患處直接吸取細胞樣本並從顯微鏡觀察.  獸醫病理醫師會從顯微鏡下檢查切片.  這必須要將貓作鎮靜處理.  如果這程序沒辦法診斷,那麼可能要進行骨體檢驗. 在多數的狀況下,x光發現的融股性病變是代表感染或是惡性過程因此在進一步的診短會再被建議  

How does this cancer typically progress? 這種癌症得演變過程

Osteosarcoma in cats is less aggressive, and metastasis (spread to other areas of the body) is rare; however, staging (searching for potential spread to other locations in the body) is recommended. This may include bloodwork, urinalysis, X-rays of the lungs, and possibly an abdominal ultrasound. If any lymph nodes are enlarged or feel abnormal, further sampling may be pursued to determine if spread is present.

貓的骨肉瘤通常比侵襲性較小,且移轉狀況較少(擴散到身體其他部位),但是,staging (搜索可能擴散到身體其他部位) 是會比較建議的.  這可能包刮血檢尿檢肺部X光檢測與腹部超音波檢驗.  如果任何淋巴解腫大或是感覺異常,再進一步的取樣可能可以了解到是否有擴散

What are the treatments for this type of tumor? 骨肉瘤的治療

Without evidence of spread, the primary goal is local tumor control. This typically involves amputation of the affected limb. Though this is unsettling for many cat owners, most cats do very well after amputation. Surgery is almost always pursued as long as it is a safe and viable option.

如果沒有擴散證據,,主要治療方式是控制局部腫瘤.  這通常會包刮截肢.  盡管這對多數貓主人來說都是很不安,但多數的貓在截肢後都適應良好. 只要安全可能通常會建議外科截肢手術

Given that control of the disease is usually achieved by amputation, chemotherapy is not typically pursued.

由於通常是截肢,所以通常不會進行化療

Is there anything else I should know? 還有甚麼需要知道的事情

Adequate pain control is of utmost importance. Discuss appropriate pre- and post-operative therapy and pain management plans with your veterinarian.

合宜的疼痛控制非常重要.  與獸醫討論適當的術前與術後治療與疼痛管理